#Al quran for windows 7 keygen#
Regarding the hadith, that is used to prove the half-testimony status, Ghamidi and members of his foundation, Al-Mawrid, argue against its reliability and its common understanding. (19:18) Therefore, Ghamidi interprets the Qur'an verse as only a recommendation directed towards individuals, and it will be for the court judge to decide what kind and whose evidence will be enough to prove a case. Ghamidi believes the context and wording of the verse includes no hint of a legal setting, (21:01) the verse states: regarding contracts, witnesses be made in such a way instead of the statement being: regarding contract disputes, witnesses of such type be called upon, (8:07) similar to how it is stated in Quran 4:15.
He argues that Islam makes no claim of a woman's testimony being half in any case. On the other hand, Javed Ahmed Ghamidi writes that Islam asks for two female witnesses against one male in the case of financial transactions as a means of relaxation of responsibility as it is not very suited to their temperament, sphere of interest, and usual environment. Tafsir Ibn Kathir states: "Allah requires that two women take the place of one man as witness, because of the woman's shortcomings, as the Prophet described. This is interpreted by a number of Muslim scholars so as to imply testimony of two women being equal to a single man's. In case of witnesses for financial documents, the Qur'an asks for two men or one man and two women. And if there are not two men (available), then a man and two women, such as you agree for witnesses, so that if one of them (two women) errs, the other can remind her. And get two witnesses out of your own men. But if the debtor is of poor understanding, or weak, or is unable himself to dictate, then let his guardian dictate in justice. Let him (the debtor) who incurs the liability dictate, and he must fear Allah, his Lord, and diminish not anything of what he owes. Let not the scribe refuse to write as Allah has taught him, so let him write. Let a scribe write it down in justice between you. O you who believe! When you contract a debt for a fixed period, write it down. In the second chapter of the Quran, Al-Baqarah, verse 2:282 provides a basis for the rule that two women are the equivalent of one man in providing a witness testimony in financial situations. A testimony must involve certain knowledge of an affirmed event, and cannot be based on conjecture. It exists alongside other forms of evidence ( bayyina), such as the oath ( yamin), acknowledgement ( iqrar), and circumstantial evidence ( qara'in al-ahwal). In Islamic law, testimony ( shahada) is defined as attestation with regard to a right of a second party against a third. Muslim societies' attitudes range from completely rejecting female testimony in certain legal areas, to conditionally accepting (half-worth that of a male, or with a requirement for supporting male testimony), to completely accepting it without any gender bias. The status of women's testimony in Islam is disputed.